Positive pressure air flow refers to a system where air pressure inside a room or space is higher than the pressure outside, preventing any contamination entering the space to be forcibly pushed outside through any opening. These modules are even having

Principle: A positive pressure is generated by ensuring that more air is flowing inside than air flowing outside, which will create slight overpressure.

While positive pressure helps with reducing dust particles, it can also lead to increase in temperature if the airflow system is not properly managed.

Benefits:

• Reduced contamination: The primary benefit of positive pressure airflow is the prevention of unwanted particles from entering the space.
• Improved air quality: Positive pressure helps maintain a cleaner and more sterile environment, by forcing air outwards.
• Protecting sensitive areas: Positive pressure is important in areas where sterility and clean air maintenance is very important, such as laboratories and operating rooms.

The Trinocular Fluorescence Microscope utilizes the principle of fluorescence to illuminate the object by using mercury lamp as light source. The mercury lamp gives accurate, fast and reliable results due to its ability to produce bright spectral lines within the visible region of UV spectrum.

A trinocular microscope allows user to not only take pictures but also record videos which can be used for future use. These images and videos can be seen later for better understanding of the concept.

Stereo zoom microscopes allow quick zoom from low to high magnification. Using a stereo zoom microscope makes it easy to view object in the entire field, focus it and then zoom to high magnification at a particular field that you are interested to study. A stereo zoom microscope uses two optical pathways with two objective and two eye pieces to give different angles of view from both the eyes, thus providing a 3D image. The microscope is also having provision to attach with camera and monitor for observation and training purpose.

For ICSI procedure, an inverted microscope with microinjectors and micromanipulators is required. Magnification capability of 200x and 400x is needed for precise procedures like ICSI. A heating stage on the inverted microscope is placed to maintain temperature of 37 C. The micromanipulators allow 3D manipulation of holding and injecting micropipettes on both left and right sides. The holding microinjector helps with holding the oocyte in one place and a sperm can be injected through injecting microinjector.

Lasers are used for embryo biopsy for procedures like PGS, to create openings in the zona pellucida, the outer layer of embryo, for cell removal (trophectoderm and blastomere) and genetic testing. When the embryo is having thick zona or grade of trophectoderm is compromised than a hole is created in zona so that embryo can hatch out easily. Lasers are also used to assess sperm viability.

Lasers are of two types: Static and Dynamic lasers. Static lasers have a fixed position and the embryo need to be moved to the target. But, in dynamic lasers, laser moves to the target allowing for greater flexibility and control.

Laser Assisted hatching for higher age patients, thick zona or compromised quality blastocysts has shown to increase nearly 8% of pregnancy rates at our center.

The principle of an incubator is to create a controlled environment, mimicking a natural habitat, to facilitate growth and development of microorganisms or cells by maintaining optimal conditions of temperature, humidity and gas composition.

Incubators are equipped with heating and cooling mechanisms to maintain a specific temperature, essential for optimal growth of cells.

Incubators provide a stable and controlled environment for growth of cells and provide required humidity to cell also.

In IVF, a tri gas incubator provides a controlled environment for embryo development by precisely regulating temperature, humidity and concentrations of carbon dioxide, oxygen and nitrogen.

Studies suggest that tri gas incubators can lead to superior embryo development and better pregnancy outcomes, compared to CO2 incubators.

Regulating CO2 levels helps maintain optimal pH of the culture medium.

Microfluidics uses a miniature device to enable precise sperm selection leading to better IVF success rates. Microfluidic devices can separate healthy, motile sperms with good DNA integrity from those with poor quality, leading to higher fertilization rates and better embryo development.

In microfluidics sorter devices, sperm sample is loaded and a filter is placed over it. Then, media is loaded over it and higher motility with normal morphology sperms are allowed to flow upwards. These selected sperms are then used for further processes like IUI and IVF.

Use of microfluidics in patients with high sperm DNA fragmentation, aged male, severe oligoasthenoteratozoo spermia cases, patients having addiction, etc has shown to improve nearly 6-7 % increase in blastulation rates at our center.

An Electronic Witnessing System (EWS) utilizes technology such as RFID tags or barcodes to track and record patient samples and procedures, ensuring accuracy and reducing risk of human errors and sample mix ups.

The RFID tags are attached to gametes and equipment. The system then tracks their movements and status of each sample throughout the process, including gamete collection, fertilization, embryo culture, freezing, thawing and embryo transfer. Thus, EWS improves the accuracy of IVF procedures.

At sunflower we follow both- Electronic witnessing system and Double witnessing (Human witness) to ensure complete tracking of gametes and embryos.